Weekly History Quiz No.264

Cézanne's Post-Impressionist approach rejected naturalistic representation in favor of distorting objects to create multiple perspectives. This then influenced other art movements including Fauvism and Cubism.

A submarine built by the Confederate States of America, she sank the USS Housatonic in Charleston harbor, before sinking with the loss of all eight members of her crew.

The creation of the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861, although fighting continued for another decade. Prior to this the Italian peninsula was comprised of a great many city states, and in recent centuries had been dominated by French, Spanish or Austrian rulers.

Written by Germaine Greer, it is an important text in the feminist movement, proposing that the traditional suburban, consumerist, nuclear family represses women.

Part of the Suez Crisis, this Anglo-French military operation was aimed at restoring British-French control of the Suez canal, after the Egyptian government nationalised the waterway. While militarily successful, diplomatic pressure from the US forced the Anglo-French forces to withdraw.

Starting in 1960, the Soviet space program launched a series of probes to Mars including the first successful soft landing, by Mars 3, in 1971.

Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in 1936, Argentina, Francis was also the first Jesuit pope. He was in power from 2013 to 2025, and is remembered for his humility, and a willingness to do things differently.

While it was later proven that the explosion was not caused by Spanish sabotage, but by a coal bunker fire that ignited the ship’s munitions, the USA still used it as a justification for war. The US seized Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Guam.

Around 508 BCE Cleisthenes, a Greek statesman, laid the groundwork and foundation of Athenian democracy by increasing the power of the popular assembly. In 461-2 BCE the Greek reformer Ephialtes instituted a broader democracy, which included all free male citizens.

In 1938, developing upon work by Svante Arrhenius, he was the first to link the Earth's land temperature rise over the previous 50 years to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. This theory has been called the Callendar effect.