Weekly History Quiz No.249

French artist Renoir was a  leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style, working in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

The conflict was a war of succession following the death of Henry I, and lasted from 1138 to 1153. The conflict raged across England and Normandy, with neither side able to achieve victory. It ended in a negotiated outcome, where Stephen retained power, but recognised Matilda's son Henry Fitzempress as the heir to the throne. The following year Stephen died of illness and Henry took the throne as Henry II.

Also known for creating Mycenaean Linear B, a syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, and is the earliest known form of Greek. The script predates the Greek alphabet by several centuries, dating to about 1400 BC.

The London underground opened in 1863, with the Metropolitan line, the oldest underground railway in the world.

O'Keeffe was a trailblazing artist celebrated for her bold flower paintings, abstract forms, and dramatic desert landscapes. Inspired by the beauty of New Mexico, her innovative work redefined American art and established her as a symbol of creative independence in a male-dominated field.

The Salt March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a 240-mile nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly, which imposed a tax on salt production and sales. Starting from Sabarmati Ashram and ending at the coastal town of Dandi, the march was a key step in India's fight for independence from British colonial rule.

Ottoman forces under Suleiman the Magnificent laid siege to Vienna in 1529, however this ultimately lasted just over two weeks before they were forced to withdraw due to inadequate logistical support and extensive sickness among the Ottoman army. The 1683 invasion posed a much more serious threat to the city. The Ottomans were better equipped and supplied, and commenced mining and artillery attacks on the city. They were defeated by a relief column led by  Polish King John III Sobieski, which was the first time the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire had cooperated militarily against the Ottomans.

Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first prime minister, serving from 1947 to 1964. Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, became prime minister in 1966 and served two non-consecutive terms, ending in 1984 when she was assassinated by her bodyguards. Her son Rajiv Gandhi then became India's youngest premier, serving until 1989. Members of Nehru–Gandhi family have been prime minister for total of 38 years.

A 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, defined spheres of influence in the partition of the Ottoman Empire.

A bacteria which can infect humans via the rat flea, it causes the disease plague, which caused the Plague of Justinian in 541 CE and the Black Death in 1346.