Weekly History Quiz No.311

An ornately illustrated manuscript containing the four Latin Gospels of the New Testament, it was produced by Celtic monks around 800 CE.

Fought between the American Continental Army of General George Washington and the British Army of General Sir William Howe on September 11, 1777, it was the largest battle of the American Revolution, and a significant British victory.

Signifying their feeling of betrayal, abandonment and loneliness due to their history as a semi-stateless ethnic minority in the Middle East without faithful allies, most recently following the withdrawal of US troops stationed in north-eastern Syria and the subsequent Turkish offensive into the region. It was also invoked when the US abandoned the Iraqi Kurds they had encouraged to rise against Saddam Hussein.

The Xinhai Revolution marked the end of over two millennia of imperial rule, replacing the Qing Dynasty with the Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen.

The Marshall Plan provided billions in aid to rebuild Europe and prevent communist expansion.

More than 200 civilians were killed by a Guatemalan army unit known as the Kaibiles. This was considered the worst massacre of the conflict, which saw the deaths of up to 200,000 people.

Taking on the role to to manage the fast-tracked withdrawal of British rule, Mountbatten had become famous as Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command during WWII.

The first complete land expedition to reach the North Pole was in 1968 by an American team using snowmobiles and with air support.

A Prussian architect, city planner and painter and furniture designer, Schinkel was one of the greatest German architects, and a leader in the International Neoclassical and Gothic Revival movements.

The first Saudi state was founded in 1727. Conflict with the Ottoman Empire saw this destroyed, but a series of wars against the Ottomans saw the rise and fall of subsequent Saudi states controlling parts of the region over the following two centuries. The early 1900s saw increasing Saudi successes, and the creation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.