Weekly History Quiz No.306

Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952, becoming the second president of Egypt in 1954. He became famous after his nationalization of the Suez Canal and his diplomatic victory in the ensuing Suez Crisis.

Begun in 1969, this foreign policy stated that the U.S. would support allies facing military threats with economic and military aid instead of ground troops, signalling that the U.S. expected its allies to contribute significantly to their own defense. This led to the USA relaxing restrictions on arms sales to many countries, including Iran, which received the most modern US warplanes available.

On the way back from the Third Crusade, Richard wrecked his ship in Aquileia, Italy, on the Adriatic Sea. This forced him to take a land route trekking through Vienna, when Leopold V, Duke of Austria, abducted him and imprisoned him. Leopold, now excommunicated by the Pope for abducting a crusader, then transferred Richard to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor; Henry continued to hold Richard ransom, hoping to raise capital for his military ventures in Southern Italy. The Pope was slow to excommunicate Henry, and Richard uttered the quote "I am born of a rank which recognises no superior but God" as an act of defiance.

Considered a founding work of Western literature and the first modern novel, the plot revolves around the adventures of Alonso Quijano, a hidalgo who reads so many chivalric romances that he loses his mind and decides to become a knight-errant.

Eakins was a multidisciplinarian, working as a realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important American artists.

VENONA decrypts revealed Soviet espionage activities. The signals intelligence yield included discovery of the Cambridge Five espionage ring in the United Kingdom, and also of Soviet espionage of the Manhattan Project in the US. ULTRA and MAGIC were WWII codebreaking projects. MK-Ultra was a mind control project run by the CIA where they used LSD and other drugs.

Philip II reformed the army and diplomacy, laying the groundwork for expansion. Alexander the Great built upon this power. Alexander I ruled earlier with limited influence, and Perdiccas III failed to stabilize the kingdom.

The first Indian film to have an overseas commercial release was Dharti Ke Lal, which was released in the Soviet Union in 1949. This was followed by Awaara (1951) and Aan (1952), which both had widespread international releases.

His inaugural address included the now well know phrase ‘let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.’ He went on to be elected three more times, becoming the longest-serving U.S. president and the only one to have served more than two terms.

Beginning in 1942 Guthrie marked up his guitars with the slogan, demonstrating his belief that activist music could have a material impact on the world.