Weekly History Quiz No.291

In the aftermath of the Jewish revolt an independent Jewish state in Judaea was established, in 132 CE. This was in existence for three years, before being crushed by a huge Roman military response. Hadrian himself also directed operations for part of the campaign, which systematically devastated towns, villages, and the countryside. In 135 CE, the fortified stronghold of Betar, the Jewish rebels' center of resistance, was captured and destroyed, and their leader Simon bar Kokhba was killed.

In the early 1950s, Sen. Joseph McCarthy gained influence in his campaign against what he described as huge numbers of communists across American society.
Universities were targeted as hotbeds of communist sympathies. Faculty and staff nationwide faced intense scrutiny from administrators, trustees, Congress and government agencies about their academic work and political involvement.

The painting evokes the sensation of the passing of an automobile, with crisscrossing lines representing sound. Balla was an Italian painter best known as a key proponent of Futurism.

Some British East India Company soldiers mutinied, in part because their cartridges were rumoured to be greased with cow and pig fat, violating Hindu and Muslim beliefs. Other factors that contributed were the company enforcing more rigorous and harsher land taxes and increasing exclusion of Indian upper and middle classes from positions of power. Finally, poor pay, and an increase in the recruitment of Sikh and Gurkha soldiers, led to resentment from the majority Bengal soldiers.

The first true papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period, around 200CE. Chinese paper making spread to the Islamic world in the 700s, and Europe by the 1000s.

583 people died when a KLM Boeing 747 attempted to take off without a clearance, and collided with a taxiing Pan Am 747.

European colonisation on the islands began with the Danish East India Company in 1754. Between 1778 and 1783, William Bolts attempted to establish an Austrian colony on the islands on the mistaken assumption that Denmark–Norway had abandoned its claims to the islands. Italy offered to buy the Nicobar Islands from Denmark in 1864. Denmark sold the rights to the Nicobar Islands to Britain in 1868, which made them part of British India.

Read more about the campaign here Why Do We Have an 8-Hour Working Day?

The Quakers are Protestant Christian set of denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements are generally united by a belief in each human’s ability to experience the light within or see “that of God in every one”. George Fox, son of a Leicestershire weaver, lived through a time of social upheaval and war. He formed the Quakers around 1647, travelling throughout Britain as a dissenting preacher. He was arrested and jailed numerous times for his beliefs.

Boudicca was a queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the conquering forces of the Roman Empire around 60CE. The Iceni destroyed Camulodunum (modern Colchester), before descending upon Londinium (modern London), and Verulamium, which they sacked and burned. Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus regrouped his forces, and despite being heavily outnumbered he decisively defeated the Britons, ending the revolt.